Objectives:

The objectives of this lab was to be able find ciliates in the soil from out non-flooded plates. As well as to culture the ciliates that were found.

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to find living ciliates in the soil from our non-flooded plates that had been sitting over a week. The week of wait would have allowed the ciliates to grow and reproduce. Once ciliates were discovered the objective was to be able to culture them so that they can begin to grow separately, and more observation can be conducted.

Procedure:

1. Make sure the area in which you are working is aseptic
2. Take soil from the soil that was frozen
3. Create a new petri dish to calculate the % water content
4. Add soil
5. Weigh the petri dish with the soil
6. Label the dish
7. Take more of the frozen soil
8. Place into small test tube
9. Add DI water until the 10-mark line
10. Place in the vortex to mix well in order to calculate the soil content
11. Label and let sit
12. Take the non-flooded plate
13. Using a pipettor pipette multiple drops unto a concave slide
14. Observe under the compound microscope
15. When ciliates are found dilute the drop with DI water
16. Pipet the ciliate into a culture
17. Observe the rest of the drops

Data and Observations:

As I observed the different droplets of water from the soil I came across a lot of ciliates. All of the droplets had a very vast ciliate population. The sample that I observed also had different types of ciliates. The two ciliates that I found were ciliates that we had previously observed. One ciliate was very round and very small. They were very hard to spot but once one ciliate was found all of the seems to be around forming clusters. Their movement was fast but not fast enough to lost them from the microscopic view. The other type of ciliate that I found was more oval shaped. This ciliate kept twirling a lot as it swam, it was much larger than the other ciliate, but it did was a lot faster and very difficult to photograph.

Storage:

To store what we had used I unplugged and covered the microscope. The slides were also washed with bleach and dried out. The non-flooded plates, soil content tubes, frozen soil, and soil content petri dish were all returned for proper storage.

Conclusion:

In conclusion many ciliates were found in the soil. In all of the droplets of the water that had been with the soil that I examined I found a vast number of ciliates per droplet. Therefore they reproduce very quickly. The factors that are found in our soil can be a great determining factor for their ability to thrive in the soil.

Future Observations:

The fact that we were able to find ciliates during this lab means that the soil that we collected could be a big determining factor for why the ciliates were able to thrive so easily.

Objectives:

The objective of our lab was to be able to continue the process of making non-flooded plates. As well as taking the PH of our soil. Lastly, this lab was also to help continue the process of observing soil under a dissecting microscope in order to find different organisms.

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to create our own non-flooded plates. These will help us culture different ciliates that are in the soil. Once we culture ciliates we will be able to use them for future experiments. We also had to test the PH levels of the soil so that we can take that as an independent variable.

Procedure:

1. Collect the sample of soil
2. Weigh petri dish with and without a lid
3. Collect data
4. Add soil to the petri dish
5. Weigh it and collect data (specify whether the weight is with or without the lid)
6. Add water to the petri dish to create a non-flooded plate
7. Weigh the dish and collect the data
8. Label the dish
9. Add 3g of soil to a small bottle and label the bottle
10. Add 8g of water to the same bottle
11. Spin the bottle in a rotator for about a minute
12. Using a pipettor take a droplet of the liquid from the small bottle
13. Place droplet on the PH paper
14. Test for the PH
15. Collect data
16. Label the bag in which the rest of the soil
17. Place the non-flooded plate under a dissecting microscope and observe

Data and Observations:

What I observed from the non-flooded plate was that the plate did not display any life but it did show many bobbles at the surface. I may have observed something moving among the soil but it may have simply been a bubble of air exploding.

Storage:

In order to store the instruments that were used we turned the dissecting microscopes off and unplugged them, once they were unplugged, they were covered. The bag with the soil, small bottle, ad non-flooded plate were all put in a group together for their proper storage.

Conclusion:

In conclusion not much was able to be observed from the non-flooded plated given that we have not given it time to culture yet. This could be because the soil was just flooded.

Future Observations:

I believe that the continual process of having to make non-flooded plates will create a good habit for future lab experiments in the future. The process of observing something under the dissecting microscope also is a continual process of the skills that we will use throughout the semester.

Objectives:

The purpose of the lab was to be able to read different articles and take out information needed to understand the procedure conducted and the necessary for the presentation.

Purpose:

The purpose of reading these articles was to be able to identify its different features and use that information collected to be able to present on its information.

Procedure:

1. Open article
2. Read Article
3. Identify different components of the article, that can be used for the presentation

Data and Observations:

The different things that we observed from the article we read were that the article was a review article. The article also talked a lot about different primers that were used. It also mentions how different primers have to go along specifically with the types of organisms they are being tested on.

Storage:

In order to be able to store what was used we just needed to collect my personal belongings.

Conclusion:

In conclusion the article that my partner and I read have very detailed information about different primers that were used to try different assays.

Future Observations:

Being able to determine what category articles fall into as well as find out different components that make made the article will be use full when we are researching for future experiments.

Objectives:

The objectives of this lab was to be able find Tetrahymena SP from the soil we hand dried out weeks prior. By using all the techniques we have learned in passed labs.

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to find living ciliates in the soil after it had become dried out. We were also suppose to take a sample of our soil in order to be able to measure the different composition of our soil.

Procedure:

1. Make sure the area in which you are working is aseptic
2. Ensure that the soil is wet
3. Observe soli under a dissecting microscope
4. Take 10ul dropletes of the wet soil
5. Place on a slide
6. Observe under compound microscope
7. If the drop is too muggy dilute with water
8. Observe Patiently
9. The test tubes from the week prior were analyzed
10. Percentage of the solutions was calculated

Data and Observations:

During the sample that I observed I did not find any living ciliates in my soil. I did observe that the sample of soil that I had the film or the high content of bubbles that it had two weeks ago. In the other solution that I examined I was able to find various ciliates. I could observe them swimming and moving the rocks, which tells me that ciliates are some what strong. They also tended to hide under rocks a lot. There was something that appeared to be a pink ciliate and a very long ciliate which could have been a worm. The concentration of the soil was 75% dirt and 25% sand.

Storage:

To store what we had used I unplugged and covered the microscope. The slides were also washed with bleach and dried out. The test tubes were returned to their original spot.

Conclusion:

In conclusion the area of soil that I examined from the soil that I had collected had no live ciliates in it. It may have been due to the fact that I may never had had ciliated to begin with or they simply just were not able to survive the difficult conditions. The second solution that I examined did have ciliates and I was able to observe a couple but they were fast and difficult to analyze thoroughly.

Future Observations:

In the future I would have liked to observe a higher concentration of dirt rather than just one singular sample because I could test whether my area was bare or it was just that sample. This will be useful if we plan to test different things affecting the ecosystem because we have done it now. I would also like to compare different areas from which the soil was gotten.

Objectives:

The objectives of this lab was to be able find Tetrahymena SP from the soil we hand dried out weeks prior. By using all the techniques we have learned in passed labs.

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to find living ciliates in the soil after it had become dried out. We were also suppose to take a sample of our soil in order to be able to measure the different composition of our soil.

Procedure:

1. Make sure the area in which you are working is aseptic
2. Ensure that the soil is wet
3. Observe soli under a dissecting microscope
4. Take 10ul dropletes of the wet soil
5. Place on a slide
6. Observe under compound microscope
7. Search for living ciliates
8. Take 4ml of the soil in our zip lock bag
9. Place into test tube

• Agitate in machine vigorously
• Place to rest in order measure for the composition of the soil

Data and Observations:

During the sample that I observed I did not find any living ciliates. I did observe that the sample of soil that I had no longer had the film or the high content of bubbles that it had last week. This means that something within the solution change.

Storage:

To store what we had used I unplugged and covered the microscope. The test tubes were rinsed our with bleach as well as the pipette. Then they were dried and returned to their spots. The soil was just placed on the desk where it was given to me. The slides were also washed with bleach and dried out.

Conclusion:

In conclusion the area of soil that I examined had no live ciliates in it. It may have been due to the fact that I may never had had ciliated to begin with or they simply just were not able to survive the difficult conditions. It may be that there are ciliates, I may just not have been able to observe them.

Future Observations:

In the future I would have liked to observe a higher concentration of dirt rather than just one singular sample because I could test whether my area was bare or it was just that sample. This will be useful if we plan to test different things affecting the ecosystem because we have done it now.

Objectives:

The objectives of this lab was to be able find Tetrahymena SP from the soil we hand dried out weeks prior. By using all the techniques we have learned in passed labs.

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to find living ciliates in the soil after it had become dried out. We were also suppose to observe the soil and see if the ciliates had left a race or any unusual behavior.

Procedure:

1. Make sure the area in which you are working is aseptic
2. Ensure that the soil is wet
3. Take part of the water in the soil with a pipette
4. Pour it into testing tubes
5. Place into the centrifuge and let it become
6. Once it is distilled them use a pipette to take out a drop of the solution
7. Place the drop on the lid of the plate
8. Use a PH strip and measure the PH
9. Observe soli under a dissecting microscope

Data and Observations:

I observed that the sample I collected had only one dead ciliate. What was odd about my sample was that it had a film floating at the top as well as bubbles throughout the water and soil which mimicked that of snails. I also observed that the one ciliate that was identifiable was very brown, which is different from other ciliates we have observed in class.

Storage:

To store what we had used I unplugged and covered the microscope. The test tubes were rinsed our with bleach as well as the pipette. Then they were dried and returned to their spots. The soil was just placed on the desk where it was given to me.

Conclusion:

In conclusion the area of soil that I examined had no live ciliates in it. It may have been due to the fact that I may never had had ciliated to begin with or they simply just were not able to survive the difficult conditions.

Future Observations:

In the future I would have liked to observe a higher concentration of dirt rather than just one singular sample because I could test whether my area was bare or it was just that sample. This will be useful if we plan to test different things affecting the ecosystem because we have done it now.

Objectives:

The objective of the lab was to be able to present the figures that we created as a group as well as explain what everything on the different figures meant.

Purpose:

The purpose of this lab was to be able to present the figures that we had created as well as be able to describe in detail what the figures mean. Be very knowledgeable about all the information for your specific assay and slide presenting.

Procedure for presentation:

1. Make the figures that compare the treatment, control, and standard deviation.
2. Make sure the figures contain an x-axis, y-axis, and titles
3. Put all figures into their individual slide on a PowerPoint.
4. Create a caption for the figure
5. Add * to the figures that need it
6. Add the p and n values
7. Make sure all slides have a color scheme
8. Present to class

Parts of a scientific essay:

1. Title and Authors
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Materials and methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. presentation

Data and Observations:

There was not to be observed given that we were only presenting our PowerPoint to the class. We were able to get much feedback for ways to improve on out presentations.

Storage:

There was nothing to store other than just closing our presentations once we were donde presenting.

Conclusion:

In conclusion making the presentation itself was not very difficult. What was the most time consuming part was making the figures and analyzing them in order to be able and present them to the class.

Future Observations:

This will help us when conducting future experiments to know how to conduct and experiment and write and essay about the experiment ad well as how to make a presentation and press our experiment.

Sections for a Scientific paper:

Title and Authors– during this part of the scientific paper you will include the name of all the people who worked on the project, whether it was on the project or presentation all people who worked should be acknowledged. This is important because all people who worked on the project should get credit.

Abstract– The abstracts is a very brief explanation of the over all experiment. This should give the reader enough information to understand the project, but it is not very in depth. It includes things such as hypothesis, methods, results, relevance and conclusion. This is important because it is summary that overviews the project as a whole.

Introduction – The introduction in this essay should be more specific about background information and relevance of the experiment. This should be very specific and very detailed because it giver the reader a way to relate to the experiment and understand why it is relevant to their lives.

Materials and methods – In the materials and methods section of the essay is where you describe the procedure and tools used in order to preform your experiment. It is a very intricate paragraph describing exactly how everything was conducted. This is important because it is an accurate explanation of how to do the experiment.

Results – The materials section of the is where the figures are presented. The materials should include things such as captions, titles, x-axis and y-axis labels, standard error, and be visual representation of the mean. This is important to compare and contrast your experiment.

Discussion –  The discussion is where the essay is concluded. This is where you explain whether or not your experiment supported your experiment. This is important because it is where you explain the data that was attained by your experiment and if it turned out as expected.

Objectives:

The objective was to be able to use the programs in excel in order to create figures and see the data we will analyze through them for future projects.

Purpose:

The purpose of this lab was to be able to use Excel in order to create figures in excel which will compare both the control and treatment. They will be displayed in a chart with two bars while will represent the mean that was obtained in the assays.  The margin of error will also be added in order to be able to see what the margin of error was.

Procedure:

1. Open an Excel document
2. Open the Excel document which contained all the information obtained the week prior
3. Select and copy the mean for both the control and treatment
4. Paste in into the new Excel document
5. Make a chart which displays them
6. Go back to the original document
7. Select the standard error
8. Paste it into the new document which contains the figure
9. Select the margin of error

• Right click the figure
• Select the margin of error option
• Select the boxes containing the margin of error
• Right click the figure again
• Save as a JPEG
• Repeat steps 3-14 for cell count, optical density and your assay

Data and Observations:

Figure 1. After preforming the spin change assay the data the margin of percent of error was very slight yet for both the treatment and control the percent of error was very similar. The average number of spins of the control versus the treatment were not very different. The average for the control was nearly six whereas the average for the treatment was closer to four.

Figure 2.  After completing the direction change assay I realized that the direction change of the control was very different compares to the direction change of the treatment. The average number of direction changes for the control was about 5 whereas the treatment’s direction change was closer to one. The margin of percent of error for this assay was not very different. Both the control and treatments percent of error was very close.

Figure 3. The average in velocity of the swim speed assay was not very different between the control and the Tetrahymena that had been treated. Both the control and treatment had velocity averages that were close to 0.4 cm per second. The percent of error of them was also very similar in both.

Figure 4. The cell count of the Tetrahymena had vey drastic change between them. The control has a significant decrease in the number of cells whereas the treatment had a decrease in the number of cells. The margin of error for these figures was very different because the controls margin of error was very small, yet the treatment’s was very small.

Figure 5. In both vacuole assays for 5 and 15 minutes the counts for control were significantly smaller but the treatments were a lot larger. The other similarity is that the margin of error was very small for both 5 minutes and 15 minutes.

Figure 6.The control and treatment for the optical density were very different from one another. The controls margin was very small, but it had very high numbers. The treatment’s margin was larger and had more of a variety of number which were mostly negative. The margin of error in the optical density was nonexistent for the treatment but very large for the control.

Storage:

Since I used my personal computer there was nothing to store.

Conclusion:

The control and treatment were usually very similar, but when they were different there was always a very large difference. They were either very similar or very different. The standard error tended to be very similar and very close to one another. They very only very different for the optical density.

Future Observations:

Being able to make these figures and analyze them will be helpful when we are making conducting our experiments to be able to give a visual representation of our data.

Objectives:

The objective of this lab was to be able to use Excel in order to use its programming to be able to calculate certain things that will then help us out when conducting our own experiments.

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to use Excel’s programming in order to make calculations. The calculations that were done in this experiment were things such as t-tests, f-tests, and histograms. The purpose was to be able to calculate things such as the mean, median, standard deviation, etc. Using all this programming make these things be easier to find.

Procedure:

1. Open group excel
2. Take all data from both the cell count, direction change assay, and spin cycle.
3. Put the information into 6 separate columns
4. Select each column
5. Perform a histogram with the selected column
6. Perform an t-test with the selected column
7. Perform an f-test with the selected column
8. Repeat steps 4-7 for the remaining 5 columns
9. Oce all the data is taken write a QTM forw how this was done

Data and Observations:

num 1-vqfw5g

What I observed was that using the Excel programs made calculations a lot easier. I also observed that the control and treatment were not very different. Yes the numbers changes but there were not very big drastic changes at all.

Storage:

Log out of my computer and take all of my belongings.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the program made our work easier to figure out information that will be useful when comes to calculations. I also saw that even though we had a control and treatment their numbers were not hugely different, they did differ b thousands but not too much of a difference.

Future Observations:

The ability of being able to use Excel with be very useful when we conduct our own experiments in the future especially when we conduct things such as histograms, t-tests, and f-tests because it will help us find things out like th mean, range and standard deviation.

Objectives:

The objectives of this lab were to be able to use a serological pipette and a pipette aid in order to transport liquid from one container to another. As well as perform a cell count and determine how many times the tetrahymena changes direction in 10 seconds.

Purpose:

The purpose of our procedure was to be able to stansport liquid from the two flasks which contained a control solution as well as a solution which had been affected by the bailing twine juice into a test tube. After successfully transporting the fluid from one container to the test tubes some of it will be removed in order to perform a cell count as well as calculate how many times the cells change direction. This will be useful to becoming “experts” in our assay.

Procedure:

1. Make sure the area in which you are working is aseptic
2. Use a serological pipette and a pipette aid to transfer poth the tetrahymena and tetwa hyena in twine juice into two different test tubes
3. Place tubes on a tube holder
4. Pipette 3 2 ul drops of both tetrahymena solutions onto slides
5. Add 1ul drop of iodine into all 6 of the rops
6. Observe both under a compound microscope
7. Take pictures
8. Perform a cell count
9. Wash and bleach the slides used
10. Use two different slides and place a 20ul drop of both solution each onto one slide
11. Observe under the dissecting microscope
12. Observe and count the change in direction of one tetrahymena for 10 seconds
13. Repeat step 12, 9 more times with a different tetrahymena each time
14. Record your data into a chart
15. Take the test tubes and record the level of absorbance in every test tube
16. Record the data
17. Clean work area

Data and Observations:

Average of cells in the solution with the twine juice: 259,500 (My partner calculates the average of the cells I this solution)

Over all there was a much higher concentration of tetrahymena in the control solution this may be because the twine juice may be toxic to the. The tetrahymena also seemed to move a lot more when they were exposed to the twine juice. The number of changes it had even almost doubled and their spin was a lot faster than it was in the control solution. So, the twine juice excites them but kills them as well. Once the absorption was observes the twine juice had a higher absorbance.

Storage:

Once the procedure has been completed the compound microscope was covered ad returned to its original spot. The slides were washed with bleach and set to dry. The pipette tips were placed into a container and returned to their spot.

Conclusion:

Overall the twine affected the tetrahymena by decreasing their life span, but it also made them a lot more active. This being said the twine juice made them move a lot more frantically.

Future Observations:

Being able to use the serological pipette as well as the pipette aid will be useful in the future because when we are conducting our experiments these will be skills we would need to know how to use in order to transport our liquids. Being able to perform a cell count as well as perform our assays, such ass counting the change of direction a tetrahymena in 10 seconds, will be useful because it will help us be able to experiment different assays when conduction our experiments.