Unit IV (1450 – 1750 CE)

Examine the following documents and answer the questions below.

 

Document F: Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca

Spanish Conquistador Cabeza De Vaca explored Florida from 1528 – 1536. During his travels, he was captured by local Native Americans and chronicled his five-year stay with them. One aspect he described was that of the two-spirit people. Two-spirit Native Americans were people born male who identified as female (or those born female who identify as male).

“During the time that I was thus among these people I saw a devilish thing, and it is that I saw one man married to another, and these are impotent, effeminate men (amarionados) and they go about dressed as women, and do women’s tasks, and shoot with a bow, and carry great burdens, and they are huskier than the other men. And taller.”

Questions:

  1. What did Cabeza De Vaca think of the Two-Spirit people he observed?
  2. Why do you think Cabeza De Vaca thought the two-spirit people were “devilish”.
  3. What are some contradictions held within Cabeza De Vaca’s account?

 

Document G: Expanded Criminalisation of Homosexuality in Uganda: A Flawed Narrative

In 2004, the organization, Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG), created an argument in defense of LGBT+ minorities. SMUG wanted to push back against anti-sodomy laws and turned to Uganda’s rich history of Pre-Colonial  LGBT+ leaders and cultural traditions.

(While the document was written in 2004, the arguments and themes within are primarily based on Unit IV: colonialism)

  Expanded Criminalisation of Homosexuality in Uganda: A Flawed Narrative

Questions:

  1. Why is SMUG against the proposed sodomy laws?
  2. Where does SMUG base most of their arguments?
  3. Should one’s cultural past say what modern laws are?