Russia’s state health care was not very good and often the things that doctors and patents needed were not always available. The book mentioned that in Russia they didn’t always have the means to produce all of the antibiotics that were produced in other countries. Often, they would be able to stock a far smaller variety of antibiotics and a smaller quantity of those antibiotics. This meant that the medicine that was need at times was not always available and alternatives needed to be used. Russia itself pushed for the use of herbal medicine to make up for the medicine that they didn’t have. Phage therapy also became more popular and was sometimes used in place of the antibiotics that doctors didn’t always have available.

The outcome of these 2 centers is very different because Eliava Institute was successful in the beginning and its initial struggles were a result of financial collapse. Hirszfelds Institute had different struggles and that was mostly persecution. There is also the perception from the outside world that is different. The Eliava Institute does not focus on bringing this research to people around the world as much as the Hirszfelds Institute does. Also, Eliava Institutes has some stigmatism of Russian medicine attached to it so people may be more wary of it than if it were coming from Hirszfelds Institute.

They first used lambda phage they isolated a sample to help the phage get past the liver and spleen by first tang blood samples from the animals. They then increased the amount of phage present in that sample and reinjected the sample back into the organism. They did this several times before they had a sample of phages that were the most specific to the organism and disease they were combating. Mice were then injected with E. coli and three groups were created one where the original sample of phage was used, another where the new sample was used, and a control group. They then recorded the results of their experiment.

Phage therapy has more of a market now especially since scientists and doctors are becoming increasingly concerned about antibiotic resistance and superbugs. Phage therapy could be used with antibiotics to increase their effectiveness when against a bacteria that is resistant to it. There are also other cases that phage therapy can become more of a use for one example is my grandma who is not able to take antibiotics. My grandma a couple of years ago got sick and while she got better she s unable to take antibiotics anymore. This is because I believe the bacteria is still n her body just in an amount that is not dangerous at the moment but would become dangerous if she were to take antibiotics. I believe that the research that needs to be done on phage therapy could include how effective it is against superbugs as well as researching quicker ways to be able to produce a phage sample specific to the strain of disease a patient has.